© SENS Foundation 2011 - www.sens.org The Fifth SENS conference - Paul Thornalley Increased damage to proteins in ageing -- wear and tear potentially avoidable by extending preventive maintenance of life's essential machinery Authors PJ Thornalley, N. Rabbani University of Warwick Proteins undergo continual spontaneous modifications in physiological systems leading to change in their structure and function. This increases with age. Proteins are modified by glycation, oxidation and nitration leading to formation of glycation, oxidation and nitration adducts residues in proteins -- including formation of non-disulfide crosslinks. Damaged proteins undergo proteolysis to form glycated, oxidised and nitrated amino acids or free adducts that are then metabolised or excreted. Protein damage adduct residues and free adducts may be robustly quantified by stable isotopic dilution analysis tandem mass spectrometry. Data of protein damage is now being combined to produce refined dynamic, multi-compartmental mathematical models of in-life protein damage. Accumulation of protein damage in ageing, that is, increased steady-state levels of damaged proteins occurs as a consequence of: (i) increased rates of protein damage -- linked to increased rate of damaging agent formation and decreased anti-glycation and oxidant defences, (ii) decreased rates of repair of damaged proteins, and (iii) decreased rates of proteolysis of damaged proteins. Oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms are ...
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